Global Rare Earth Production: Market Share Analysis

2025 Actual Mine Production (Metric Tons)

The Great Awakening: Brazil Reshapes the Map

2025 marks a watershed moment: Brazil erupted onto the global stage with a staggering 257% production surge. After decades as a "reserve holder," Brazil is converting geological potential into active supply. Meanwhile, Madagascar quietly scales up and Thailand consolidates its breakout. The map is being redrawn—country by country, mine by mine.

Global Mine Production Share

2025 Actual
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  • China
    69.2%
  • Burma
    56.9%
  • United States
    13.1%
  • Australia
    7.4%
  • Thailand
    1.2%
  • India
    0.7%
  • Madagascar
    0.7%
  • Russia
    0.7%
  • Others
    0.6%
  • Brazil
    0.5%
  • Nigeria
    0.4%

Source: USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026

257%Brazil's Eruption

From 560 MT to 2,000 MT in a single year. The sleeping giant opened its eyes—and the industry took notice.

13%USA Steady Climb

The USA continues gradual expansion to 51,000 MT, solidifying its status as the largest Western producer.

129%Thailand Doubles Down

Not a flash in the pan—Thailand surged again to 4,800 MT, proving its 2024 breakout was just the beginning.

The 2025 data reveals a market in rapid transformation. For years, analysts spoke of "potential supply diversification." Now, that potential is crystallizing into reality.

The Brazil Story

With 21 million MT of reserves—the largest in the world—Brazil has been the ultimate "what if?" For decades, geologists knew the potential was there. In 2025, that changed. Whether through infrastructure investment, regulatory reform, or simply market demand hitting a tipping point, Brazil activated 1,440 additional metric tons of production in one year.

If this trajectory continues, Brazil could rival Australia's 29,000 MT output within 3-4 years. That would fundamentally alter the geopolitical calculus of rare earth sourcing.

Who's Moving the Needle?

  • Brazil: The awakening. 21M MT reserves finally coming online.
  • United States: Steady growth. Mountain Pass expansion paying dividends.
  • Thailand & Madagascar: The new frontiers. Both scaling rapidly with 129% and 93% growth.
  • Burma: Slight dip (-2.2%) but remains a heavy REE powerhouse at 222k MT.

The Strategic Shift

China and Burma still dominate with a combined 492,000 MT (69% + 57% = 126% total share accounting for all countries). But the rate of change is now in the West. Brazil alone added more new production (1,440 MT) than many established producers generate in total. This is the story of 2025: activation, not just potential.

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